Pennyn y Fenter Amgodio Testunau (TEI) ar gyfer LlGC Llsgr. Peniarth 15

: Peniarth 15 (Hengwrt 57): An Electronic Edition. TEI header

: Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol BS1 2AE 0117 987 6500

Principal Investigator: Peter Wynn Thomas

Transcribed and encoded by D. Mark Smith

Transcribed and encoded by Diana Luft

School of Welsh, Cardiff University Cardiff 2013 www.rhyddiaithganoloesol.caerdydd.ac.uk

: Aberystwyth
: National Library of Wales
: Peniarth 15
: Hengwrt 57

The manuscript contains mostly religious material, with the exception of the Prester John material (Gwlad Ieuan Fendigaid), the fragment of the Grail story in a later hand, and Enwau ac Anrhyfeddodau Ynys Prydain. J. Gwenogvryn Evans (1898-1910: 334) speculated that pages 1-123 might be a transcript of Jesus College 119, Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi, with some additional material. J.E. Caerwyn Williams (1962: 118), however, argues that the text of Breuddwyd Pawl may well be derived from a common original translation of that text; he sees the deviations in the two versions as too great to warrant supposing that one could be a copy of the other.

Page	Contents	Hand
1-7	Marwolaeth Mair	Peniarth 15 hand A
7	Rhinweddau Gwrando Offeren	Peniarth 15 hand A
8-10	Breuddwyd Pawl	Peniarth 15 hand A
11-12	Epistol y Sul	Peniarth 15 hand A
12-13	Rhybudd Gabriel	Peniarth 15 hand A
13-14	Efengyl Ieuan	Peniarth 15 hand A
15-24	Buchedd Dewi	Peniarth 15 hand A
25-30	Buchedd Beuno	Peniarth 15 hand A
30-32	Credo Athanasius	Peniarth 15 hand A
32-35	Pa ddelw y dylai dyn gredu i Dduw	Peniarth 15 hand A
36-54	Ymborth yr Enaid	Peniarth 15 hand A
54-62	Ystoria Adrian ac Ipotis	Peniarth 15 hand A
62-115	Ystoria Lucidar	Peniarth 15 hand A
115-122	Gwlad Ieuan Fendigaid	Peniarth 15 hand A
123-125	A fragment of the Grail story in a later hand, not transcribed	Peniarth 15 hand B
126	blank
127-128	Credo	Peniarth 15 hand C
128-137	Buchedd Fargred	Peniarth 15 hand C
138-144	Buchedd Catrin	Peniarth 15 hand C
144-146	Enwau ac Anrhyfeddodau Ynys Prydain	Peniarth 15 hand C

The following texts were used in the transcription of the manuscript for the purposes of comparison:

Daniel, R. Iestyn. ed. 1995. Ymborth yr Enaid. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Edwards, Gwilym Lloyd. ed. 1999. Ystorya gwlat Ieuan Vendigeit (llythyr y Preutur Siôn); cyfieithiadau Cymraeg Canol o Epistola Presbyteri Johannis. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Evans, D. Simon. ed. 1959. Buched Dewi. Caerdydd. [BDe]
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Hystoria Lucidar. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 3-76.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Y Mod yd Aeth Meir y Nef. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 77-85.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Kyssegyrlan Uuched. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 86-105.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Hystoria o Uuched Dewi. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 105-118.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Hystoria o Uuched Beuno. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 119-127.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Hystoria Adrian ac Ipotis. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 128-137.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Credo Seint Athanasius. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 138-140.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Py Delw y dyly Dyn credv y Duw. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 141-6.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Rinwedeu Gwaranndaw Offeren. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 151.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Breudwyt Pawl Ebostol. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 152-6.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Am Gadw Dyw Sul. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 157-9.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Rybud Gabreil at Veir. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 159.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Euegyl Jeuan Ebostol. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 160-1.
Jones, John Morris and Rhŷs, John. eds. 1894. Hystoria Gwlat Ieuan Vendigeit. The Elucidarium and Other Tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 164-72
Parry-Williams, T. H. ed. 1926. Breuddwyd Pawl. BBCS 3. 81-89.
Rees, W. J. ed. 1853. Lives of the Cambro British Saints. Llandovery: Welsh Texts Society.
Richards, Melville. ed. 1939. Buched Fargred. BBCS 9. 324-34; 10. 53-9; 13. 65-71.
Thomas, D. R. ed. 1902. Euegyl Jeuan. The Life and Work of Bishop Davies and William Salesbury. Oswestry: Caxton Press. 130-2.
Wade-Evans, A. W. ed. 1944. Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae (from B.L. Cott. Vesp. A.xiv). Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Williams, Ifor. ed. 1929. Enwau ac Anryfeddodau Ynys Prydain. BBCS 5. 19-24.
Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. ed. 1959. Transitus Beatae Mariae a thestunau cyffelyb. BBCS 18. 131-57.
Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. ed. 1962a. L'Enfant Sage ac Adrian ac Epictitus yn Gymraeg. BBCS 19. 259-295.
Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. ed. 1962b. Welsh Versions of the Visio Pauli. Études Celtiques 10. 109-26.
Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. ed. 1973. Buchedd Catrin Sant. BBCS 25. 247-68.

Supplied text for Marwolaeth Mair, Breuddwyd Pawl, and Buchedd Beuno comes from Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi as it is closer to the text in Peniarth 15 than the other available editions. Supplied text for Ymborth yr Enaid comes from Daniel (1995). Supplied text for Ystoria Adrian ac Ipotis comes from J.E. Caerwyn Williams (1962).

There are two systems of page numbering, both in modern hands and to be found in the top right corner of each recto page. One gives page numbers and the other records folio numbers. Both are correct and complete. The editors have followed the page numbers as opposed to the folio numbers.

Catchwords are occasionally found in the bottom right hand corner of the page. Others may have been cut out later during binding. All catchwords are in the hand of the main scribe unless otherwise noted. An example may be seen at: 100 BM: tvnt amdanam.

The manuscript is difficult to read in places because of fading and staining.

The text is written in a single column of 38 lines to each page.

The manuscript is written in the late-fourteenth-century rounded textura hands of two separate unidentified copyists. These scribes are designated 'Peniarth 15 hand A' and 'Peniarth 15 hand C' for the purposes of this transcription. 'Peniarth 15 hand A' is responsible for copying pages 1-122, while 'Peniarth 15 hand C' wrote pages 127-146. A third hand, given the designation 'Peniarth 15 hand B' after the designations of J. Gwenogvryn Evans (1898-1910: 334), has added a fragment of the Grail story in a later anglicana hand, which has not been transcribed.

‘Peniarth 15 hand A’

The scribes use both regular and dotted <y>. There seems to be no phonological trigger for choosing either. The undotted variant is slightly more common with capital letters than small ones.

The scribes write ligatured <cc>, <ct> and <tt> in such a way that they are almost indistinguishable form one another. Examples may be seen at:

81.35: Direittaf
83.30: kalettaf

The difference between some of the capitals and small forms can be slight, particularly when the capital is simply a slightly larger version of the small form. An examples of such a capital is:

61.32: <Y>

The orthography does not differ substantially from expected forms, though there are a few instances of apparent confusion, e.g.

<s> for <f> in desnyd ‘defnyd’
< for <c> in dratheven ‘dracheven’, nathaf ‘nachaf’, rat ‘rac’
<v> for <n> in arveigy <arneigy>

Other occasional features of note are:

<e> for /ə/, e.g. bechein ‘bychein’, bedei ‘bydei’, brennv ‘brynu’, velle ‘velly’
<i> for /ɨ/, e.g. kilch ‘kylch’, discv ‘dyscu’, twill ‘twyll’
<l> for /ɬ/, e.g. elynt ‘ellynt’, ewylys ‘ewyllys’
<ll> for /l/, e.g. adeilladew ‘adeiladeu’, annyveilleit ‘annifeileit’, oll ‘ol’
<fv> for /v/, e.g. kyfvloc ‘kyfloc’, gyfvyawn ‘gyfiawn’
<ffv> for /v/, e.g. gyffvlawn ‘gyflawn’
<w> for /v/, e.g. llywyr ‘llyvyr’, welle ‘velly’, wynet ‘vynet’, wywyt ‘vywyt’

The text contains a number of common abbreviations. These have been expanded in the transcription to the forms that are given elsewhere in the text itself rather than to standard or dictionary forms.

macron for <n>: boe[n]neu 140.2; bro[n]n 9.24; diwar[n]nawt 60.38; ea[n]g 145.32; ganthu[n]t 138.26; etc.
macron for <m>: da[m]mwinnawd 88.9; ga[m]pev 36.16; ma[m]mev 87.38; Paha[m] 80.37; verbu[m] 55.1
<i> above a letter for <ri>: c[ri]st 11.4
<o> above a letter for <ro>: t[ro]nes 55.28
<⁹> for <ur>: wneuth[ur] 141.3, 143.27

The following commonly occurring items may also be abbreviated:

<k.> for <kaer>: 144.17, 14.18, 144.19, etc.
<.D.> for <Discipulus>: 61-114
<G.D.> for <Gair Dedyf>: 33.22, 33.27, 33.30, 33.38, etc.
<.M.> for <Magister>: 61-114
<.M.> for <Marwawl>: 36.23
<?> for <omega>: 42.13
<pech>. M.> for <pechawt Marwawl>: 34.27
<P.M.> for <Pechawt Marwawl>: 34.32, 34.37, 35.6
<R.> for <Rinwed>: 35.24, 35.34, 35.39, 36.1
<.y.B.> for <ynys Brydein>: 144.29, 144.32

The punctus is the only punctuation mark.

In some places it is obvious that the scribe has skipped from one line to another because of the appearance of the same word in successive lines. Modern published editions of the text from other sources make apparent the aberrant reading in this manuscript. Examples are:

Location	Manuscript reading	Edition
10.23-24	bendith a gorffwys Ymi y rodet y gwenwyn o e yvet Mi a wanpwyt o r gwayw Mi a ymrodeis y anghev	benndith a gorffỽys. Mi arodet arygroc ac apỽyỽyt yr hoellon ymdỽylaỽ. ac arodet ygỽenỽyn ym oe yvet (BPE)
56.7-8	A dyw gwener y gorvc ef adaf ar y lvn Ac y dodes bywyt idaw o r yspryt glan	A dyw Gwener y goruc ef Adaf ar y lun e hun ac y dodes enw arnaw ac y gwnaeth yn wr medyanus. ac y rodes bywyt idaw o'r Yspryt Glan (HAacI)
59.34-35	y mab a dywat y mae geir da adnabydvs Ny orvcpwyt eiroet	Y mab a dywat y mae geir da, kywir, prud a medwl kyfyawn a gweithred da adnabydus. Ny orucpwyt eiroet (HAacI)
60.21	rac medyant kythrevl kytwybot da a medylyaw py wed y gostygawd iessu ar tal y lin	rac medyant kythreul kytwybot da a medylyaw am diodeifueint yr arglwyd iessu grist a medylyaw py wed y gostygawd iessu ar tal y lin (HAacI)
66.28-29	Ac angkorfforawl Ac yn gyfflawn o bop peth Nyt oes ovywn natvr	ac yn gyflawn obop tegwch. Awdant wy. ac allant pob peth. Nyt oes o vywn natur (HL)
66.35-36	o r dan y wres y benn yn grwnn ar lvn kwmpas y nef Y vron yn lle y mae y chwythat a e pessychv yn keffelybv y r awyr	Or tan ywres. ybenn yn grwnn ar lun kwmpas ynef. ae deu lygat yndaw megys dev lugorn heul. alloer. yn echtywynnygu ynynef. Y vronn yn ymae ychwythat. (HL)
69.16-17	Pa hawr y gwnaethpwyt dyn Ac yd enwis yr holl annyveilleit yn y chwechet awr y gwnnaethpwyt gwreic	Pa hawr ygwnaethpỽyt dyn. Yny tryded awr y gwnaepỽyt dyn. ac yd enwis yr holl annyueileit. ac yny chỽechet awr y gỽnnaethpỽyt gỽreic. (HL)
69.36-7	a dywedvt o dyn wrthyt y difflannei y byt oll onnyt edrychvt dracheven namyn edrych arnafi ny dylyut ti tremegv	adyỽedut o dyn vrthyt. y difflannei ybyt oll. onnyt edrychut dracheuen. adyỽedut o duỽ yna. ny mynnhaf .i. edrych ohonat ti dracheuen. namyn edrych arnnafi. nydylyut ti tremygv (HL)
70.7-8	y gwnaethpwyt ef yn arglwyd ar bop peth. Ac am hy:nny: y dywedir fieid yw geir bron dvw.	ygwnaethbỽyt ef yn issaf obop peth. ac ef kynn o hynny yn arglỽyd ar bop peth. ac am hynny ydywedir. fieid yỽ ger bron duỽ (HL)
77.1	y mwyhaf megys y trossit pob ffydlawn yn gorff y grist drwy y bwytaedigaeth	megys ytrossir y bỽyt ygic yr neb ae bỽyttae velly ytrossir pob ffydlaỽn yn gorff (HL)
78.11-12	a e bendith a drossir vdvnt yn emelltith med yr arglwyd D[iscipulus] A gymerant wy	ae bendith a drossir vdvnt yn emelltith. megys y dyỽedir. Mi atrossaf ych benndith chỽi yn emelltith med yr arglỽyd. agymerant wy (HL)
84.34-35	paham y kyfvyrgollir y rei da ny allant wy vynet yg kyfyrgoll	nev paham ykyfuyrgollir yrei camgylus. Beth bynnac awnel yrei da nyallant ỽy vynet (HL)
88.25-6	Trvanach vydant no dynyon ereill kanny y dywedir y vffernn yn vyw	truanach vyddant no dynyon ereill. kanny chaffant nar byt na duỽ. amyr rei hynny ydyỽedir. y vffernn y vyỽ (HL)
91.4	y iachav y weli a e hayarnn allan velly ny rymhant	yiachav yweli. ae hayarnn ymyỽn. yny tynner yr hayarnn allann. velly ny rymhaant (HL)
93.22-23	nyt oes dim amgen o venegi o r egylyon ereill nochyt lawennhaw onadvnt	nyt oes dim amgen ovenegi or egylyon yn wỽeithredoed ni yduỽ. ac yr engylyon ereill. nochyt laỽennhav onadunt (HL)
95.12	kannys beth bynnac a bechawd ef drwy chwerwed yn anghev	kannys bethbynnac abechaỽd ef drỽy dynaỽl vreuolyaeth. ef avadeuir idaỽ drỽy chỽerỽed y anghev (HL)
109.31	a dynyon a dywedir ev bot yr hevl velle wrth hynny byd kyrff	a dynyon adyỽedir eu bot yn temyl yduỽ. ac ny dyỽedir bot yr heul velle. vrth hynny (HL)
111.3-4	ac o r engylyon a r seint Ac a glywant armoni nef a melys geinyadyaeth	ac or engylyon. ac or seint. Oglyỽet. Ewyllys eu klyỽededigaeth agaffant. kannys ỽynt a glyỽant armoni nef. a melys geinyaeth (HL)
115.6-7	a chas yr holl seint am lesteiryaw vdvnt ev gwrthwyneb megys na ellir	achas yr holl seint am lesteiryaỽ vdunt eu lleỽenyd trae gallassant. Ryued yỽ eu gỽrthỽyneb. megys na ellir� (YGIV)

The manuscript contains very little ornamentation besides the rubrication, which is unusually common. Rubrication has been added to almost every <A>, <ff>, <ll>, <s> and <w>.

92 BM: small line drawing of a head.

93 BM: small line drawing of a head having its hair combed.

There are a few marginalia in later hands which have not been included in the transcription:

67.30 LM: 'herod' (This may be an explanation of the name 'phamo', which is underlined in the text.)
72.30-32 LM

The manuscript dates from c.1375 to c.1425 (Huws 2000: 60).

Peniarth 15 was acquired by Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt (1592-1667). It is not known from where Vaughan obtained most of his manuscripts, but according to a story in the writings of Edward Lhuyd he inherited those in the possession of John Jones of Gellilyfdy on Jones's death about 1658 (Tibbott 1943: iv). The Hengwrt manuscripts were catalogued in 1658 by William Maurice of Cefnybraich, Llansilin (Jones 1943: xvi). The manuscript was bequeathed by Sir Robert Williames Vaughan (d. 1859), the last baronet of Hengwrt, to his friend William Watkin Edward Wynne (1801-1880) of Peniarth in 1859, along with the rest of the Hengwrt collection (Tibbott 1943: viii).

The Hengwrt catalogue was revised first by Aneurin Owen (d. 1851), and then by William Watkin Wynne. This catalogue was published in Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1869-1871 (Jones 1943: xv). It was catalogued and re-numbered by J. Gwenogvryn Evans when he examined the collection for the Historical Manuscripts Commission along with the rest of the Peniarth manuscripts, while they were in the possession of W.W.E. Wynne's son, William Robert Maurice Wynne (d. 1909).

The Peniarth collection was secured for the nascent National Library of Wales by Sir John Williams who, in 1904, paid the Wynne brothers a sum to ensure the reversion of the collection to the Library upon their death. Along with the rest of the collection, the manuscript passed to the Library in 1909 (Tibbott 1943: viii).

Information on the dating and hand of this manuscript is based on the following authorities:

Evans, J. Gwenogvryn. 1898-1910. Peniarth 15. Report on Manuscripts in the Welsh Language 1. London: HMSO: 334-6.
Huws, Daniel. 2000. Medieval Welsh Manuscripts. Cardiff and Aberystwyth: University of Wales Press and the National Library of Wales.
Huws, Daniel. A Repertory of Welsh Manuscripts and Scribes. draft.
Jones, E. D. 1943. Old Catalogues of the Hengwrt Manuscripts. Handlist of Manuscripts in the National Library of Wales 1. Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales: xv-xxiii.
Tibbot, Gildas. 1943. A Brief History of the Hengwrt-Peniarth Collection. Handlist of Manuscripts in the National Library of Wales 1. Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales: i-xiv.

The Welsh Prose 1350-1425 website is the product of an AHRC funded research project undertaken by staff at the School of Welsh, Cardiff University from 2004 through 2007 called Corff Electronig o Ryddiaith Cymraeg Canol. The aim of this project was to produce machine-readable editions of all the medieval Welsh prose texts which have been preserved in manuscripts dating from c.1350 to c.1425.

The project is a continuation and a development of two previous projects funded by the University of Wales which transcribed the Welsh prose in manuscripts dated to c.1250-c.1350.

The intention is to give scholars access not only to texts that have hitherto remained unedited but also to the different versions of texts that have been the subject of critical editions.

Certain decorative features have been encoded: these may trigger further study of the original manuscripts. Primarily, however, the resource provides detail which it is hoped will further the study of the language and literature of the period.

In producing this edition, we have attempted to fulfil two different and often non-complementary if not opposing goals: to present a minimally edited edition of the text, and to represent as many visual features of the manuscript as possible.

Visual features of the text such as layout, and rubrication may prove to be as essential in textual interpretation as features such as punctuation, letter forms, capitalisation and word division, which are more usually invoked by scholars in the field.

The orthography of the original text has been maintained, even where it is idiosyncratic, as the unique characteristics of the scribe's spelling may shed light upon the language of the period as he, his audience, or patron used it. Where the scribe's orthography seems to merit particular attention, an editorial gloss has been added to indicate what we believe to have been the target form.

In some places, especially where the manuscript is damaged, we have supplied text. This serves the two-fold purpose of presenting a complete text and, perhaps more importantly, of indicating the size of the damaged area.

In order to make editorial intervention as transparent as possible, supplied text is clearly marked off from the manuscript text by a different font. Also in the spirit of editorial transparency, we have wherever possible used published editions for supplied text. Text supplied from published editions may suffer from obvious errors or significant differences in orthography from the manuscript text. We have refrained from imposing our own editorial actions on such features.

The transcription of this manuscript, as well as the information in this TEI header is based on the microfilm reproduction of the manuscript produced by the National Library of Wales in 1994. As the editors have not checked the transcription against the original, information on the scribal hands, foliation, accompanying materials, colour scheme and ornamentation should be treated as provisional.

21-Jan-2011 DL: edited TEI header
14-Aug-2007 PWT: edited TEI header
5-Dec-2006 – 22-Jan-2007 PWT: edited XML encoded files, produced table of corrections and amended where necessary
12-Apr-2006 DL: converted Word files with shortcuts into XML files and corrected them
11-Aug-2005 – 8-Sep-2005 DMS: corrected electronic transcription of folios 22-53, 89-137
10-Aug-2005 – 8-Sep-2005 DL: checked DMS's transcript of folios 22-53, 89-137 against prints
9-Aug-2005 – 6-Aug-2005 DMS: transcribed folios 22-53, 89-137 with shortcuts
5-Aug-2005 – 9-Sep-2005 DL: corrected electronic transcription of folios 1-21, 54-88, 138-146
3-Aug-2005 – 7-Sep-2005 DMS: checked DL's transcript of folios 1-21, 54-88, 138-146 against prints
2-Aug-2005 – 5-Sep-2005 DL: transcribed folios 1-21, 54-88, 138-146 with shortcuts

The material has been transcribed separately.